To trace all files in the directory with Python
WIndows 10
Python 3.8.6
import glob
import os
path = "C:\\path\\direcotry"
files = glob.glob(path +'/**', recursive=True)
for file_item in files:
print(file_item)* If you don’t add recursive=True, only the directory defined as “path” is searched.
When I open the file in Python, the error “UnicodeDecodeError: ‘cp932’ codec can’t decode byte 0x99 in position ~ : illegal multibyte sequence” occurred.
The code is as below.
path = 'wordpress/wp-admin/about.php'
with open(path) as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)Windows 10
Python 3.8.6
The character code ‘cp932’ is Microsoft Cade page 932(Shift_JIS). And ‘0x99’ is the number of 1byte represented by hexadecimal. This error occurs when the character code used for decoding the file does not match the character code of the file.
If you know the coding of the file, you can specify it with option argument of open() function.
with open(path, encoding = "utf_8") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)If you’d like to use a few character coding and ignore files of other character coding.
try:
with open(path, encoding = "shift_jis") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)
except:
pass
try:
with open(path, encoding = "ascii") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)
except:
pass
try:
with open(path, encoding = "utf_8") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)
except:
passChardet is a module to detect the character encoding.
Install chardet with pip command.
> pip install chardet Installing collected packages: chardet .... Successfully installed chardet-3.0.4
You can get the character encoding by chardet.dect(<binary data>).
import chardet
path = 'wordpress/wp-admin/about.php'
with open(path, mode='rb') as f:
binary = f.read()
code = chardet.detect(binary)['encoding']
with open(path, encoding=code) as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)You can ignore errors by using codec.open() and setting the option argument ‘errors’ ‘ignore’.
import codec
path = 'wordpress/wp-admin/about.php'
with codecs.open(path, 'r', 'utf-8', 'ignore') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines)I’d like to display the list of all categories in my theme, but it return “Uncategorized”. The PHP code in index,php is as below.
<h1>Categories</h1>
<?php
$categories = get_the_category();
if ( $categories ) {
foreach( $categories as $category ) {
$output .= '<a href="' . get_category_link($category->term_id)
. '">' . $category->cat_name . '</a>' . ' ';
}
echo $output;
}
?>The result is the following.
get_the_category(); is the function to get the categories of “current” post or page. This page is index.php with no category, so it return “Uncategorized”.
Use get_categories(); instead of get_the_category();.
<h1>Categories</h1>
<?php
$categories = get_categories();
if ( $categories ) {
foreach( $categories as $category ) {
$output .= '<a href="' . get_category_link($category->term_id)
. '">' . $category->cat_name . '</a>' . ' ';
}
echo $output;
}
?>This is the result.
To stop the loop at the number of times specified in WordPress.
WordPress 5.5.1
The Loop is PHP code used by WordPress to display posts. The following is an example of the loop.
<?php
if ( have_posts() ) {
while ( have_posts() ) {
the_post();
//
// Post Content here
//
} // end while
} // end if
?>Check “The Loop” in wordpress.org for details about the loop.
<?php
$recentposts = get_posts( array( 'posts_per_page' => 3) );
if ( $lastposts ) {
foreach ( $lastposts as $post ) : setup_postdata( $post );
the_title();
//
// Post Content here
//
endforeach;
wp_reset_postdata();
} //end if
?>Though <?php query_posts(‘posts_per_page=NUMBER’); ?> can be also used to limit the number of posts, it is not recommended.
At the last time, in “Create Original Theme in WordPress 1“, I created the simplest minimum theme “techblog”. I’ll create practical WordPress theme from now on.
To design the configuration of the WordPress site.
This is the page transition diagram. The top page is home. Pages “Home”, “About”, “Links” and “Posts(Post List)” can be accessed directly with main menu.
This is the construction of each page and links among them.
This page is used for “Home”.
This page is used for “Posts (all posts)”, the result searched by categories and the result searched by words.
This page is used for “About”, “Links” and the page for each single posts.
Some of these items can be added easily by using Plugins.
To create the original WordPress theme
Today’s goal is to make the smallest WordPress theme as below.
The following is an example of file construction.
You can see the role of each file in wordpress.org “Template Files”. Today, I create index.php, functions.php and style.css
This is the main PHP file displayed as a top page.
<?php
/**
*This is main file for "techblog" theme
*@package Techblog
*@since Techblog 1.0
*/
get_header(); ?>
<main id="main" class="site-main" role="main">
<header>
<h1 class="page-title"><?php bloginfo('name'); ?></h1>
<h2 class="description"> <?php bloginfo('description'); ?></h2>
</header>
<?php if ( have_posts() ) : ?>
<ul id="posts">
<?php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?>
<li><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>">
<h2 class = "post_item"><?php the_title(); ?></h2>
</a></li>
<?php endwhile; ?>
</ul>
<?php endif; ?>
</main>
<?php get_footer(); ?>Some PHP doc tags are used in WordPress. You can see the list of PHP doc tags in “PHPDoc Tags” in wordpress.org.
*@package Techblog *@since Techblog 1.0
You can see the functions that can be used in WordPress in “Code Reference“.
style.css is the style sheet for the site. style.css should have infromation about the theme. Please check “Main Stylesheet (style.css)” in wordpress.org for details.
/*
Theme Name: Techblog
Theme URI: #
Author: Nako
Author URI: https://s-nako.work
Description: This is the simplest theme for engineer's technical blog
Version: 1.0.0
License: GNU General Public License v2 or later
License URI: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
Text Domain: techblog
Domain Path: /languages/
Tags: blog, news,
This theme, like WordPress, is licensed under the GPL.
*/
body {
color: #6B6B6B;
background-color:#DADADA;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
line-height: 1.7;
font-size: 14px;
}The information in style.css is displayed in Appearance >Themes.
functions.php is function set for the site. I don’t use any original function at this time.
<?php
/**
* techblog functions and definitions
* @package Techblog
* @since Techblog 1.0
*/
if ( ! defined( 'TECHBLOG_VERSION' ) ) {
// Replace the version number of the theme on each release.
define( 'TECHBLOG_VERSION', '1.0.0' );
}
Put the directory where index.php, style.css and functions.php is into the themes directory “xampp\htdocs\wordpress\wp-content\themes”.
You can activate the theme you created in the Appearance >Themes.
When I run the python code below, the error “SyntaxError: (unicode error) ‘unicodeescape’ codec can’t decode bytes in position 2-3” occurred.
import glob
import os
word = "single_post_title"
path = "C:\Users\USERNAME\Downloads\document"
files = glob.glob(path +'\**')
for f in files:
print(f)Windows10
Python 3.8.6
The unicodeescape ‘\’ is used in path = “C:\Users\USERNAME\Downloads\document”. “\” is used as a part of escape sequences in Windows system.
path = "C:\\Users\\USERNAME\\Downloads\\document" files = glob.glob(path +'\\**')
path = "C:/Users/USERNAME/Downloads/document" files = glob.glob(path +'/**')
I’d like to create my original theme for WordPress. This is the preparation for development of WordPress in XAMPP.
To create develop environment for WordPress development in XAMPP.
Windows10
XAMPP 7.4.10
If you don’t have XAMPP, please install it first according to “Installation of XAMPP“. And If you’ll use MariaDB in a production environment, make it secure by setting password according to “How To Set MySQL Password in XAMPP“.
Download WordPress from wordpress.org.
The default root doc is xampp\htdocs.
Reference: Using phpMyAdmin in Support page of wordpress.org
Open XAMPP Control Panel and run Apache and MySQL. Then access phpMyAdmin, localhost/phpmyadmin.
Create a new database for WordPress as below.
Access localhost/wordpress. In my case, the page is redirected to localhost/wordpress/wp-admin/setup-config.php.
Select language and go next page.
Input the data of your database and press Submit. Database Name is the database name you defined.
You can see Username, Password and Database Host in phpMyAdmin.
The connection to the database will be established. Press “Run the installation”.
Input information of your new WordPress and press “Install WordPress”.
You can login localhost/wordpress/wp-admin/ with Username and Password you defined at the last page.
*You can import post, pages, comments, custom fields, categories, and tags from a WordPress export .xml file with Import tab.
This is a continuation of the article “Access MySQL with PHP in XAMPP“. Please check this first.
Today’s goal is to access MariaDB(MySQL) and write data to with PHP in XAMPP.
Windows10
XAMPP 7.4.10
I’ll add code to getuser.php created in “Access MySQL with PHP in XAMPP“. Open the getuser.php.
(more…)To post the input data and display it on the same page with PHP.
Windows10
XAMPP 7.4.10
Create a new PHP file “index.php” to submit data. You can see the details of this program in “How To Run PHP in XAMPP“.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>test</title> </head> <body> <form action="posted.php" method="POST"> <label>Input message：</label> <input type="text" name="message" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit!" /> </form> </body> </html>
The action specifies the file to call. If you won’t move the page, action should be “”.
$_SERVER[‘REQUEST_METHOD’] is the variable to store the requested method. It returns the called requested method when the page is requested.
<body>
<?php
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
echo "The input data is ".$message;
}
?>
<form action="" method="POST">
<label>Input message：</label>
<input type="text" name="message" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit!" />
</form>
</body>
<body>
<?php
if ($_POST) {
echo "The input data is ".$_POST['message'];
}
?>
<form action="" method="POST">
<label>Input message：</label>
<input type="text" name="message" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit!" />
</form>
</body>The result is the same as above.
<body>
<?php
if ($_POST) {
echo "The input data is ".$_POST['message'];
}
?>
<form action="" method="POST">
<label>Input message：</label>
<input type="text" name="message" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit!" />
</form>
</body>The result is the same as above. The strong point of this method is that the existence of each keys of $_POST can be determined.