In my shell script, “sleep 1m” command doesn’t wait 1 minutes but 1 second.
#!/bin/sh echo "start timer" sleep 1m echo "stop"
macOS Catalina 10.15.5
In Mac OS X, sleep command doesn’t work with quantifiers and takes argument num just as num seconds.
Reference: OSX bash “sleep”, Mac OS X Man Pages
Use 60 times minutes.
#!/bin/sh echo "start timer" sleep 1*60 echo "stop"
To find the directory where python libraries are.
You can get the list of module search paths. Find the directory you’d like from the list.
>python Python 3.8.6 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import sys >>> sys.path ---The list of module search paths---
You can find the directory where python.exe is by using “where” command.
>where python C:\Users\<USER_NAME>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\python.exe C:\Python27\python.exe
I could neither open nor edit a post in WordPress. The error “Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Cannot read property ‘replace’ of undefined” occurred.
I created a post with “Enlighter Sourcecode” block by using Enlighter plugin and save the post. When I opened the saved post, the error “Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Cannot read property ‘replace’ of undefined” occurred and nothing was displayed.
WordPress 5.5.3
Enlighter – Customizable Syntax Highlighter 4.4.1
Reference: Unable to edit posts when EnlighterJs is enabled
The block is somehow corrupted.
1. Deactivate the plugin at issue.
2. Open the post in edit mode and copy all contents.
3. Activate the plugin again. And create new post and paste it.
This is one of the articles about project “Create Original Theme in WordPress”.
To create single.php
WordPress 5.5.1
XAMPP 7.4.10
<?php /** *this is the single post template *@package WordPress *@subpackage Techblog *@since Techblog 1.0 */ get_header(); ?> <div class="container"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <?php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); get_template_part( 'content/content', 'single' ); if ( comments_open() || '0' != get_comments_number() ) : comments_template(); endif; endwhile; ?> </main> <?php get_sidebar();?> </div> <?php get_footer(); ?>
<?php
/**
* The template used for displaying single post content in single.php
*@package WordPress
*@subpackage Techblog
*@since Techblog 1.0
*/
?>
<article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>>
<div class="main-content">
<div class="page-item">
<h1 class="entry-title"><?php the_title(); ?></h1>
<div class="post-info">
<span class="sns"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" data-url="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" data-text="<?php echo get_the_title(); ?>" class="twitter-share-button" data-via="nako_new_high" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></span><br/>
<span class="post-date"><?php the_date();?></span>
<?php
$post_categories = get_the_category();
if ( $post_categories ) {
foreach( $post_categories as $category ): ?>
<span class= "post-categories"><a class="category" href= "<?php echo get_category_link($category->term_id) ?>" >
<?php echo $category->cat_name ?>
</a></span>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>
<br/>
<?php if ( has_tag() ) : ?>
<?php $tags = get_the_tags( get_the_ID() );
foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
echo '<span class= "post-tags"><a href="'. get_tag_link( $tag->term_id ) . '">#' . $tag->name . '</a></span>';
}
?>
<?php endif; ?>
</div>
<?php the_content(); ?>
</div>
</div>
</article>This return true if the current post has tags.
get_the_tags() retrieves the tags for the post that takes the id of the post as an argument. get_the_ID() retrieve the ID of the current item.
The tag objects can be retrieved by using for loop.
This function retrieves the link to the tag. It gets tag ID or object as an argument.
This is one of the articles about project “Create Original Theme in WordPress”.
To create 404.php
WordPress 5.5.1
XAMPP 7.4.10
These are examples of contents in the 404 page.
There are many unique and interesting designs of 404 pages.
10 great examples of 404 error pages
20 Top Examples of 404 Error Pages
<?php
/**
*this is the 404 page template
*@package WordPress
*@subpackage Techblog
*@since Techblog 1.0
*/
get_header(); ?>
<div class="container">
<main id="main" class="site-main">
<div class= "main-content">
<h1>404! Sorry, the page can't be found.</h1>
<br/>
<?php get_search_form(); ?>
<h2>Recent Posts</h2>
<?php
$lastposts = get_posts( array(
'posts_per_page' => 4
) ); ?>
<div class="post-item recent-post">
<?php if ( $lastposts ) {
foreach ( $lastposts as $post ) : setup_postdata( $post ); ?>
<h3><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h3>
<div class="post-info">
<span class="post-date"><?php the_date();?></span>
<?php $post_categories = get_the_category();
if ( $post_categories ) {
foreach( $post_categories as $category ): ?>
<span class= "post-categories"><a class="category" href= "<?php echo get_category_link($category->term_id) ?>" >
<?php echo $category->cat_name ?>
</a></span>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>
</div>
<?php endforeach;
wp_reset_postdata();
}?>
</div>
<h2>Categories</h2>
<?php
$categories = get_categories();
if ( $categories ) {
foreach( $categories as $category ): ?>
<a class="index category" href= "<?php echo get_category_link($category->term_id) ?>" >
<?php echo $category->cat_name ?>
</a>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>
</div>
</main>
<?php get_sidebar(); ?>
</div>
<?php get_footer(); ?>
This is one of the articles about project “Create Original Theme in WordPress”.
To create page.php
WordPress 5.5.1
XAMPP 7.4.10
<?php
/**
* The template to display posts archve
*@package WordPress
*@subpackage Techblog
*@since Techblog 1.0
*/
get_header(); ?>
<main id="main" class="site-main" role="main">
<div class= "main-content">
<?php if ( have_posts() ) :?>
<header class="page-header">
<?php
the_archive_title('<h1>', '</h1>' );
the_archive_description();
?>
</header>
<?php
while ( have_posts() ) :
the_post();
get_template_part( 'content/content', get_post_format() );
endwhile;
the_posts_pagination(
array('prev_text' => '<u>Back<<</> ',
'next_text' => ' <u>>>Next</>', )
);
endif; ?>
</div>
</main>
<?php
get_sidebar();
get_footer(); ?>/**
*@package WordPress
*@subpackage Techblog
*@since Techblog 1.0
*/
?>
<article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>>
<div class="main-content">
<div class="post-item">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"></a>
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
<div class="post-info">
<span class="sns"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" data-url="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" data-text="<?php echo get_the_title(); ?>" class="twitter-share-button" data-via="nako_new_high" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></span><br/>
<span class="post-date"><?php the_date();?></span>
<?php
$post_categories = get_the_category();
if ( $post_categories ) {
foreach( $post_categories as $category ): ?>
<span class= "post-categories"><a class="category" href= "<?php echo get_category_link($category->term_id) ?>" >
<?php echo $category->cat_name ?>
</a></span>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>
</div>
<?php the_content(); ?>
</div>
<?php if ( is_search() ) : ?>
<div>
<?php the_excerpt(); ?>
<p><a class="read-more" href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"></p>
</div>
<?php endif; ?>
</div>
</article>This function displays the archive title such as “Search: <word>” or “Category: <category_name>”
You can use html tags as argument before and after.
the_archive_title('<h1 class = "class_name">', '</h1>' );This function displays category, tag, term, or author description. You can use html tags as argument before and after.
This function displays a paginated navigation to next/previous set of posts, when applicable.
the_posts_pagination( array(
'mid_size' => 2,
'prev_text' => __( '<u>Back</u>'),
'next_text' => __( '<u>Next</u>'),
) ); 
the_ID() returns the unique id of current post and post_class() returns the classes for the post container element.
This returns true if the query is for a search.
To understand tags in WordPress and how to add it.
WordPress 5.5.1
This tag is used to split a single post up into different web pages.
This tag is used to add the “Read More” to the post.
Create new widget “Custom HTML” in the editing page.
Input the tag in the Input the tag in the Custom HTML widget.
If your theme doesn’t support nextpage, put wp_link_pages() function on the php file in the theme.
<?php the_content(); wp_link_pages(); ?>
This is one of the articles about project “Create Original Theme in WordPress”.
To create page.php
WordPress 5.5.1
XAMPP 7.4.10
page.php is used to display fixed page such as “About”, “Access”, “Contact” and so on.
<?php /** *this is the fixed page template *@package WordPress *@subpackage Techblog *@since Techblog 1.0 */ get_header(); ?> <div class="container"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <?php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?> <?php get_template_part( 'content/content', 'page' ); ?> <?php // If comments are open or we have at least one comment, load up the comment template if ( comments_open() || '0' != get_comments_number() ) : comments_template(); endif; ?> <?php endwhile;?> </main> <?php get_sidebar(); ?> </div> <?php get_footer(); ?>
<?php /** * The template used for displaying page content in page.php *@package WordPress *@subpackage Techblog *@since Techblog 1.0 */ ?> <article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>> <div class= "main-content"> <div class="page-item"> <h1 class="entry-title"><?php the_title(); ?></h1> <div class="post-info"> <span class="sns"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" data-url="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" data-text="<?php echo get_the_title(); ?>" class="twitter-share-button" data-via="nako_new_high" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></span><br/> <span class="post-date"><?php the_date();?></span> </div> <?php the_content(); wp_link_pages(); ?> <?php if(get_edit_post_link()) : ?> <footer> <?php edit_post_link(); ?> </footer> <?php endif; ?> </div> </div> </article>
content-page.php is one of the template parts that is loaded by using get_template_part() in page.php.
This function loads a template part $slug.php or $slug-$name.php into a template.
Determines whether the current post is open for comments.
This loads comment template defined by /comments.php, (but the comments.php is nor generated yet).
The formatted output of a list of pages. This is used for repagination.
This is one of the articles about project “Create Original Theme in WordPress”.
To create index.php
WordPress 5.5.1
XAMPP 7.4.10
<?php
/**
*This is main file for "techblog" theme
*@package WordPress
*@subpackage Techblog
*@since Techblog 1.0
*/
get_header(); ?>
<div class="container">
<main id="main" class="site-main">
<div class= "main-content">
<h1>Recent Posts</h1>
<?php
$lastposts = get_posts( array(
'posts_per_page' => 3
) );
if ( $lastposts ) {
foreach ( $lastposts as $post ) : setup_postdata( $post ); ?>
<div class="post-item recent-post">
<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
<div class="post-info">
<span class="post-date"><?php the_date();?></span>
<?php
$post_categories = get_the_category();
if ( $post_categories ) {
foreach( $post_categories as $category ): ?>
<span class= "post-categories"><a class="category" href= "<?php echo get_category_link($category->term_id) ?>" >
<?php echo $category->cat_name ?>
</a></span>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>
</div>
<?php the_excerpt(); ?>
</div>
<?php endforeach;
wp_reset_postdata();
}?>
<h1>Categories</h1>
<?php
$categories = get_categories();
if ( $categories ) {
foreach( $categories as $category ): ?>
<a class="index category" href= "<?php echo get_category_link($category->term_id) ?>" >
<?php echo $category->cat_name ?>
</a>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>
</div>
</main>
<?php
get_sidebar(); ?>
</div>
<?php
get_footer(); ?>$lastposts = get_posts( array('posts_per_page' => 3) );if ( $lastposts ) {
foreach ( $lastposts as $post ) : setup_postdata( $post ); ?>
HTML is here
<?php endforeach; ?>This is equal to the following.
if ( $lastposts ) {
foreach ( $lastposts as $post ) {
setup_postdata( $post );
// Do something here
}
}the_title(); // works in the loop
the_date(); //works in the loop
the_date(); //works in the loop
$post_categories = get_the_category();
if ( $post_categories ) {
foreach( $post_categories as $category ): ?>
HTML is here
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php }; ?>This is equal to the following.
if ( $post_categories ) {
foreach( $post_categories as $category ){
HTML is here
}
}get_category_link($category->term_id)
$category->cat_name
the_excerpt();
Add filter in the functions.php. If you’d like to know about add_filter(), please check the article “What is Hook in WordPress?“.
function twpp_change_excerpt_length( $length ) {
return 20;
}
add_filter( 'excerpt_length', 'twpp_change_excerpt_length', 999 );$categories = get_categories();
I customized the design of the page by editing style.css.
To understand what is the hook in WordPress and how to use it.
WordPress 5.5.1
Hooks are a way for one piece of code to interact/modify another piece of code at specific, pre-defined spots.
from Plugin Handbook in wordpress.org
When the specific event occurs, the registered function is hooked.
For example, if you define the function addName() and add it to the hook ‘the_content’, you can add name to the content of the article.
$name = 'Nako';
function addName($content) {
return $content .'('.$name.')';
}
add_filter('the_content', 'addName');
There are 2 types of hook, filter and action. You can see the list of filters in Plugin API/Filter Reference and the list of actions in Plugin API/Action Reference.
The filter hooks are defined by apply_filters() and add function to the filter hook by add_filter(). And the action hools are defined by do_action() and add action to the action hook by add_action().
The following is the outline diagram of apply_filters, do_action, add_action and add_filter.
For example, this is one of the apply_filters functions in post-template.php.
function the_content( $more_link_text = null, $strip_teaser = false ) {
$content = get_the_content( $more_link_text, $strip_teaser );
$content = apply_filters( 'the_content', $content );
$content = str_replace( ']]>', ']]>', $content );
echo $content;
}Action is used to do some user-defined action, but on the other hands filter is used to rewrite or return the variable. So the function added by add_filter() has always return value.